![]() In this period, Hinduism had acquired its main characteristics: the main gods, the religious practices, and the importance of temples.ĭuring this period, trade and interchange with the outside world was so strong that the mythology and architecture of Hindis and Buddhists expanded through Borneo, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Society was ordered according to the beliefs of Hinduism with a rigid Caste System. The kings of Gupta established an effective administrative system and a strong central power allowing local autonomy in times of peace. Under this empire, was a period of peace and prosperity that favored the development of the Indian culture from the point of view of the artists, writers, and scientists. Gupta occupied the greater part of Northern India and Eastern Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Gupta empire was one of the largest political and military empires in Indian history. The Phoenicians establish themselves on the coasts of Syria and Libya, coming from Arabia in the 4th century BC. In Iraq, Bactrian camels and dromedary camels are domesticated. The difference between these chronologies is owed to the ambiguity in the sources, mainly the Venus Tablet. Ancient Middle East timelineįor this period, three chronologies are traditionally handled differently, known as “high”, “middle”, and “low”. Modern day Iraq, part of Iran, part of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Arabia, and Egypt lie in the Middle East. This is the region where the first Neolithic Revolution arose (8th century BC) and later, the Urban Revolution (4th Century BC). The Ancient Near East or Ancient East is the term used to denote the areas of Western Asia and North East Africa where the civilizations arose before the classic Greco-Roman civilizations in the area currently called the Near East or Middle East. They also promoted the interchange of merchants through the silk route. Education and writing, on the recently developed rice paper, were both encouraged. Agriculture, industry, and trade flourished. They carried out an intense unification of norms: weights and measurements as well as the system of writing were all unified. A strong, unified, and centralized Chinese state emerged. This was the first dynasty of reunified China, which was much larger than when it was under the Zhou Dynasty. The title of king was changed to Emperor. This was the era of great thinkers and philosophers like Confucius and Lao Tzu. The use of money was strengthened while bartering decreased in use. ![]() They used more than 3000 symbols that were transformed into the characters used in the Chinese language. They worshiped their ancestors, practicing human sacrifice and live burial of slaves with their masters. In this period, they developed horse-driven war chariots. They made delicate carvings into jade, works with bronze and woven silk. In addition to the aristocrats and plebeians, they added the slave class. They had a class system with aristocrats and plebeians. The kings of this dynasty practiced the art of prophecy. It divided the year into 12 months and determined the agricultural and political activities for each month. In this period, the first Chinese calendar was produced. The First Chinese Dynasty, Xia, was a slavery-based society that allowed private property. The existence of written documents from long ago has allowed the development in China of precise historiographical tradition that offers a continuous narration from the first dynasties to the contemporary age. Timeline of Ancient Civilziations in the AmericasĬhina – Ancient Chinese Civilization Ancient Era Ancient China.Timeline of Ancient Civilizations in Europe.Ancient Civilizations in the Middle East.Timeline of Ancient Civilizations in Africa.Timeline of Ancient Civilizations in Asia.As a coming together of worldviews, languages, customs and traditions, the remains of this shared meal mark the end of thousands of years of a hunter-gatherer way of life.īritain was a hunter-gatherer society until around 4100 BC when farming was introduced from the European continent. ![]() The area of Stonehenge served as an important meeting place and a turning point for society. ![]() Chemical analysis shows that the two groups came from different places and their meat was prepared in different ways. Those gathered ate farmed beef and hunted venison. The remains of a feast held close to Stonehenge around 3900 BC, offer a rare glimpse of exchanges between hunter-gatherers and the first farmer communities. Farming, introduced by European migrant communities, replaced the old ways of hunting and gathering. Once farming spread from Europe to Britain around 4000 BC, communities in Britain and Ireland redefined their relationship with nature and the land. Highly polished stone axes and mace heads used between 45 BC.
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